PINK1 and Parkinson disease: PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) and its binding partner Parkin are also commonly mutated proteins in PD that normally maintain the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane and initiate autophagy of damaged mitochondria; however, when mutated, they fail to eliminate damaged mitochondria contributing to the accumulation of respiration-associated oxidants (Kondapalli et al., 2012).