In both MPP+ and α-synuclein transgenic mouse PD models, elevated expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β have been observed in neurons while rotenone, a key pharmacological inducer of PD, induced strong upregulation of inflammasome activation in vivo in a manner dependent on Cdk5 (Zhang et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Parkinson disease.