Initial studies regarding the contribution of BDNF to epilepsy led to conflicting conclusions, with intrahippocampal BDNF perfusion or intraventricular injection of the BDNF scavenger TrkB-IgG, both being protective in a model of dorsal hippocampal kindling (Reibel et al., 2000; Binder et al., 2001). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is epilepsy.