Since PIP3 activation of AKT signalling and the MAPK family signalling cascades are both upstream events of mTOR, a core target that is critically involved in autophagy induction and can suppress lipid droplet degradation, we postulated that the underlying mechanisms of the anti-steatotic effects of JZG against NAFLD were related to the activation of autophagy. Here, MTOR is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.