CD38 and myelodysplastic syndrome: Further analysis of MDS patient specimens using conventional flow cytometry corroborated the presence of a CD123+ subpopulation within the primitive compartment (Lin−/CD34+/CD38−) of high-risk specimens, but not in low risk MDS patients (Fig. 1c–e and supplementary fig. 1) with significant differences found in the mean fluorescent intensity between low-risk and high-risk patients (Fig. 1e)18,22.