Our study has some strengths including the demographically homogeneous cohort of offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes, equally comprising both male and female subjects, the wealth of exhaustive anthropometric and metabolic variables collected by a trained staff according to an international standardized protocol, the use of the gold standard hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp for insulin sensitivity assessment, and the exclusion of confounding conditions potentially affecting both insulin sensitivity and immune response. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.