ATRA and arsenic trioxide (ATO) are the most successful treatments for APL as ATRA binding directly to the RARα moiety22 and ATO binds directly to the PML moiety23 of PML/RARα, and induce the polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of PML/RARα22–25. Here, RARA is linked to acute promyelocytic leukemia.