ANXA2 and cancer: Furthermore, TNFα treatment of HeLa cells expressing ANXA2 leads to the induction of several NF-κB target genes linked to anti-apoptotic signalling and drug resistance in cancer, including GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-6 and Gadd45β. This suggests a link between increased ANXA2 expression and p50 interaction leading to increased anti-apoptotic gene expression and drug resistance in pancreatic cancer cells [59].