TNF and infection: On day 3 following infection, the concentrations of Th1 cytokines were lower in cell culture supernatants from the BCG+ donors compared to the BCG- donors (1225±409 vs 2095±216 pg/ml) for IFNγ (p = 0.042) (Fig 8A), TNF-α (1169±352 vs 2165±226 pg/ml, p = 0.035) (Fig 8B), and IL-6 (718±148 vs 1790±377 pg/ml, p = 0.029) (Fig 8C).