NPPB and hydrops fetalis: In a subset of HF cases, where proBNP levels were available, GPNMB and proBNP were found to be independent (r =0.028, p-value =0.863), suggesting that measurement of GPNMB in plasma of HF patients may provide additional prognostic value or reflect different clinical or biological states from those associated with proBNP elevation (Figure 3).