IL1B and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Phosphorylation of p65 (RELA) subunits is required for transcriptional NFκB activation [36]; in human NPC, we found upregulated expression of both total (F2,4 = 330.26, p < 0.0001) and phospho-p65 (F2,4 = 108.81, p = 0.0001) subunits after treatment with IL-6 and with IL-1β (Fig. 2b, c).