It is further supported by our results demonstrating the requirement for the reduction of TRX1 and inactivation of ASK1 and JNK for the tumor insensitivity to RT, and this barrier is breached by CONPs that facilitate oxidation of TRX1 and subsequent activation of ASK1 and JNK for apoptosis (Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5 and Figure S1). The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is neoplasm.