FGF23 and heart failure: Recently, a meta-analysis of 17 CKD cohorts and 17 general population cohorts showed that increased circulating FGF23 levels, almost up to 150 fold in the CKD population and especially high in dialysis-dependent patients, was associated with 48% increased risk for heart failure, 33% for myocardial infarction, 26% for stroke and 42% for CV mortality [79].