Further, CMV infection could stimulate the release of immune inflammatory mediators including, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukines (IL-4, IL-8, IL-18), neutrophils and is related with upregulated expression of TLR-2, and TLR-4 (26, 30-32). Here, TNF is linked to cytomegalovirus infection.