HMGB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: In addition, sublethal or lethal hepatocellular injuries (apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, or pyroptosis) trigger signals for NASH promotion through releases of inflammatory cytokines, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as high mobility group box 1(HMGB1), ATP, uric acid, or mitochondrial DNA, and extracellular vesicles (18, 44, 47).