However, by assuming that an infection prevented/cured saves at least 10 life years with a quality of life measure of 0.75 [25], we still find that it is cost-effective to explicitly conduct HDV testing and treat HDV infections with PEG-IFN (as the cost per quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs) saved is always smaller than the 3×GDP ($25,947) of Brazil [56]) (Figure B in S1 File). Here, IFNA1 is linked to infection.