PPARA and Sepsis: An animal model examining the impact of exogenous glucose and 2DG (an unmetabolizable analog of glucose which inhibits glycolysis) on sepsis induced by Listeria monocytogenes, LPS, influenza virus, and poly(I:C) showed that 2DG's protective effect in bacterial sepsis was mediated through increase in ketogenic activity (PPARα-dependent), which reduced neuronal cell death independent of bacterial load (44).