LDHA and renal cell carcinoma: Orthotopic tumors were created in mice using human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) lines (A498, 786-O, UOK262) with varying expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) which catalyzes the pyruvate-to-lactate conversion, and varying expression of monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) which mediates lactate export out of the cells.