PARP1 and cancer: Combinations of niclosamide and TRAIL enhanced the sub-G1 population and PARP-1 cleavage (Figure 5A,B), and niclosamide induced up-regulating DR5 and down-regulating c-FLIP in other cancer cells (renal carcinoma; A498 and ACHN, and hepatocellular carcinoma; SK-Hep1) (Figure 5C).