In that study, the investigators reported an increase in the activity of the HDAC2 isoform in the kidneys of rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ, an alkylating agent that is toxic to the insulin-producing ß-cells of the pancreatic islets), in Type 2 diabetic db/db mice and in proximal tubule lineage NRK-52E cells exposed to the profibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) [54]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.