Previous studies have found that the use of long-acting bronchodilators with inhaled steroids can decrease systemic inflammation, as demonstrated by decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 levels in patients with COPD.[39, 40] We hypothesized that inflammation control in patients with COPD may be crucial for protecting such individuals against subsequent prostate cancer development. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.