Notably, these pathways converge on MAPK and PI3K mitogenic signaling and contain core pathway members such as FGFs, EIF4G1, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, and RPTOR. Indeed the majority of the enriched pathways contain members of MAPK, PI3K, or growth factor receptor signaling (e.g. PI3K cascade P = 0.002, mTOR signaling P = 0.008, signaling by Rho GTPases P = 0.012, VEGF signaling P = 0.017, RAF activation P = 0.017, melanoma signaling P = 0.021, RAS signaling P = 0.031, and MEK activation P = 0.036) and, in many cases, intersections with MDM2 signaling. This evidence concerns the gene RPTOR and melanoma.