IL1R1 and infection: In addition, mice lacking any of the direct coordinators of the IL-1B pathway, such as inflammasome NLRP3, IL-1R, MyD88 or IL-18, were shown to be more susceptible to B. abortus (Gomes et al., 2013), and our unpublished data indicated that IL-6 signaling is required for proper functioning of several lysosomal enzymes in macrophages until 24 h post-infection, which is important for bacterial survival during the late stage of infection.