TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: It has been demonstrated that cytokines, especially pro-inflammatory cytokines, play important roles in the pathological progression of NASH (Tilg and Diehl, 2000), which was evident in the MCD-induced NASH mouse model in this study because of the significant increase in the levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines, including the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-12 p70, IL-17α, and TNF-α, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, and the chemokine Eotaxin (Figures 3A,B).