A recent study demonstrated that pro-inflammatory proteins of importance in AD include interleukin 1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor, and complement C1q, secreted by activated microglia, which induce a reactive form of neurotoxic astrocyte that cannot support neuronal survival, outgrowth, synaptogenesis and phagocytosis, leading to the death of neurons and oligodendrocytes (Liddelow et al., 2017). The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is Alzheimer disease.