As the results in Figure 7 show, the presence of sepsis up-regulated the proinflammatory mediators, TNF-α and IL-1β, in the cortex and hippocampus relative to the sham group (P < 0.001, Figure 7A; P < 0.05, Figure 7B; P < 0.001, Figure 7C; and P < 0.01, Figure 7D). Here, TNF is linked to Sepsis.