SIRT1 and Cognitive impairment: Although SIRT1 is critical for the neuronal degeneration and cognitive decline that occurs in aging disorders (Ng et al., 2015) and protects the central nervous system via the negative regulation of NF-κB (Hernandez-Jimenez et al., 2013; Kauppinen et al., 2013), the protective effects of SIRT1 on sepsis-induced neuroinflammation and subsequently cognitive impairment remains unclear.