Similar to our findings with human PDAC and PSC cells (Fig. 1A), mouse PSC cells show relatively increased PD-L1 mRNA levels compared to levels present in mouse Pan02 PDAC cell line and in mouse PDAC cell lines generated from tumors arising in the KPC transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer (Fig. 1C). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is familial pancreatic carcinoma.