TGFB1 and neoplasm: It is induced on tumor-specific CD8+ T cells by concomitant signals from the TGF-β receptor (TGFBR) and the T-cell receptor (TCR) triggered by TGF-β and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)/tumor peptide complexes, respectively (Fig. 2) [33, 58, 60].