CD8A and HIV-1 infection: Several lines of evidence provide unambiguous support for a critical role of CD8+ T cell responses in partial control of HIV-1 infection: the emergence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) coincides with reduction in viral load after acute infection [3–5], HLA-I alleles associate with outcomes of HIV-1 infection or viral sequence adaptation [6–9], and CTL can eliminate infected cells in vitro [10].