The level of TGFβ signalling to naïve T cells is an important factor in enforcing their quiescence, and naïve T cells in patients with autoimmunity have reduced expression of TGFβRI and increased capacity for T-cell proliferation [24], but TGFβ blockade enhances vaccine and immunotherapy responses [25]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Autoimmunity.