2 Gy carbon ion radiation of in vitro S180 cells and in vivo S180 sarcoma-tumour-bearing mice induced CHOP and BiP expression, and activation of the IRE1/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2/beclin-1/p62 ER stress pathway leading to autophagosome formation and apoptosis (Zheng et al. 2017). Here, HSPA5 is linked to neoplasm.