TNF and chronic kidney disease: For example, in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study (eGFR 20–70 ml/min/1.73 m2), there was an inverse relationship between plasma levels of inflammatory markers (interleukin-1b, interluekin-1RA, interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and eGFR [53].