HIF1A and renal cell carcinoma: We determined the subcellular distribution of HIF-1α in cohort 2 consisting of 98 primary RCC tissues and divided the subcellular distribution of HIF-1α into three categories: negative, cytoplasmic localization, and nuclear localization (defined as no HIF-1α expression, and <50%, or >50% of cells with HIF-1α nuclear localization, respectively) (Fig. 7a).