In line with the effect of Ap4 deletion in adenomas, GSEA indicated that mRNAs characteristic for Lgr5-positive ISCs and several factors involved in Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways were preferentially downregulated upon deletion of Ap4 (Fig. 8a, b, Supplementary Fig. 8c, Supplementary Data 2): for example Sox4, Axin2, EphB3 were downregulated (Fig. 8b, Supplementary Data 2). This evidence concerns the gene TFAP4 and adenoma.