VHL and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: For instance, using multiregion sampling and high throughput deep sequencing, Gerlinger et al. determined that 75% of all driver aberrations found in each ccRCC patient were subclonal while VHL alterations, including LOH at 3p and epigenetic silencing, were the only ubiquitous events found across all 79 tumor sites sampled from 10 ccRCC patients [46].