Evidence for the latter phenomenon initially was provided by immunohistochemical analysis of renal biopsy specimens from patients with IgA nephropathy.43, 44 This was achieved by the use of antibodies detecting both splice variants of SYK (total SYK, T-SYK) and phosphorylated (activated)-SYK (P-SYK). Here, SYK is linked to IgA glomerulonephritis.