PPARA and hepatocellular carcinoma: Further, as observed in human HCC microarrays, the upregulation of cancer pathways in the poorly differentiated cell lines co-existed with the predominant downregulation of metabolic pathways – along with complement/coagulation cascade and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling (Fig. 2a, Additional file 4: Table S3b).