The focus for our dual-enzyme sensor were key enzymes in the inflammatory cascade surrounding lung cancer,20–22 thrombin and matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9 and -13 (MMP-2, -9 and -13).23–26 Thrombin and the MMPs are two distinct classes of proteolytic extracellular proteins that play important temporal roles in fibroproliferation and coagulation,20–22 which may lead to dysregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, MMP2 is linked to lung carcinoma.