Independent variables included age, sex, PS, severity of cholangitis, white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, total bilirubin (T-Bil) level, number of stones, diameter of stones, naïve papilla, use of antithrombotic drug, procedure for naïve papilla in early ERCP, stone removal in early ERCP, development of adverse event, development of pancreatitis, and development of bleeding. This evidence concerns the gene CRP and cholangitis.