Inorganic nitrate has previously been shown to improve risk factors for CVD such as endothelial dysfunction and blood pressure in humans [17], protect against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in mice [18], reverse features of the metabolic syndrome in the eNOS knockout mouse [8] and mice having undergone ovariectomy [19], prevent endothelial dysfunction, and improve plaque composition and stability in the ApoE−/− mouse [7]. Here, APOE is linked to endothelial dysfunction.