However, GH from the placenta appears to be primarily important in the acquisition of insulin resistance and shifting metabolic fuel use from glucose to lipid in the mother during pregnancy (Table 1; PRL/PL/GH; Horber and Haymond, 1990; Goodman et al., 1991; Galosy and Talamantes, 1995; Barbour et al., 2002; Dominici et al., 2005; Boparai et al., 2010; Liao et al., 2016b; Sairenji et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene GH1 and Insulin resistance.