IHC staining of xenografted RCC tumors from nude mice demonstrated that RCC cells with a higher expression of ERβ have a higher expression of TGF‐β1 in the orthotopically xenografted RCC tumors when comparing A498 ERβ vs. A498 vector control cells and 786O sh‐ERβ vs. 786O sh‐Luc cells (Fig. S3B), suggesting that ERβ promotes RCC cell growth and invasion by altering the TGF‐β1 signal pathway. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.