IHC staining of xenografted RCC tumors from nude mice demonstrated that RCC cells with a higher expression of ERβ have a higher expression of TGF‐β1 in the orthotopically xenografted RCC tumors when comparing A498 ERβ vs. A498 vector control cells and 786O sh‐ERβ vs. 786O sh‐Luc cells (Fig. S3B), suggesting that ERβ promotes RCC cell growth and invasion by altering the TGF‐β1 signal pathway. This evidence concerns the gene ESR2 and renal cell carcinoma.