ESR2 and renal cell carcinoma: To develop the therapy and evaluate the above in vitro cell study and in vivo mouse data with respect to potential clinical use, we investigated the small molecules that can target this newly identified ERβ‐mediated signal pathway to better suppress RCC progression, and identified FDA‐approved anti‐estrogens ICI 182,780 (ICI, Faslodex) and tamoxifen (Nolvadex), as well as an ERβ selective antagonist PHTPP, which were all previously tested and shown to effectively inhibit estrogen induced ERβ transactivation with respect to ERE‐luciferase reporter activity.