TGFB1 and cancer: TGFβ overexpression is demonstrated in many cancers (Bruna et al., 2007; Chod et al., 2008; Labidi et al., 2010; Langenskiold et al., 2008; Shariat et al., 2008) and is related to a poor prognosis (Tsushima et al., 1996; Wikstrom et al., 1998).