An up regulated RAAS may contribute to the development of many diabetic complications, including microvascular and macrovascular diseases [110, 111], in addition, it has been shown that the up regulation of Ang II and the activation of mineralocorticoid receptor by aldosterone might promote insulin resistance through activation of the mTOR–S6K1 signal transduction pathway by inducing phosphorylation in serine residues of IRS [112] (Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and Insulin resistance.