PGF and preeclampsia: This study defined FGR as birthweight <10th centile plus perinatal morbidity and/or preeclampsia and found the combination of sFlt-1:PlGF ratio > 38 and ultrasound EFW <10th centile – both present together in just 3% of participants – to demonstrate a higher PPV (21.6%) and specificity (98%) than either parameter alone, but with lower sensitivity (only 38%) compared to either test alone.