GJA1 and coinfection: Furthermore, work from Eugenin et al found that pro-apoptotic signals that spread to neighboring uninfected cells via Cx43 containing channels causing, which “bystander apoptosis” despite absence of viral replication in HIV infection.[19–21] Based on these findings, we speculate that Cx43 and GJs channels may act as a new target in deeply understanding the mechanism of MTB/HIV co-infection.