EGFR and neoplasm: Other 2D developments have been published that bridge intracellular pathways and cell population interactions, such as VirtualLeaf (Merks et al., 2011) that uses an off-lattice vector-based framework of irregular shapes to depict plant leaves’ cells, and Athale and Deisboeck (2006)’s work that uses an off-lattice agent-based method to simulate the effects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) density and activation on tumour growth dynamics.