Immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) involves several important genes such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA genes like killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR), toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokine/chemokines and their receptors, vitamin D receptor (VDR), SLC11A1 and C-type lectins etc. Polymorphisms in these genes may regulate the expression and have a diverse influence on the susceptibility or protection against TB among particular families, ethnicities and races. The gene discussed is SLC11A1; the disease is tuberculosis.