Stem cell transplantation has become a potential new treatment methods in animals models of BPD and in phase 1 or early‐phase clinical trials; it can migrate to lung tissue.5, 6, 7 Reports showed that EPO can stimulate differentiation and proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells.8 The present study, shows that the therapeutic efficacy of EPO gene‐modified MSCs for BPD is time‐dependent, the early transplantation is better than the late. The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.