Currently, however, the expression of PD-L1 is only the tip of the iceberg in the predictive index of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy; it is necessary to combine the multiple indexes to make the best predictive ability, indicating an importance of personalized biomarkers in guiding anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy for NSCLC. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.