TP53 and urinary bladder cancer: Increased nuclear accumulation of p53 protein has been shown to correlate with mutations in the gene and with tumor grade in non-schistosomal bladder cancer (39), while in S. haematobium-associated bladder cancer, elevated p53 protein levels were found in both malignant and pre-malignant lesions, suggesting the potential use of p53 in the detection of schistosomal bladder cancer (40).