STAT4 and urinary bladder neoplasm: Another study examined T cell protein marker expression for STAT4 (Th1), GATA3 (Th2), FOXP3 (T regulatory), and CD8 (T cytotoxic) using bladder tumor biopsy samples containing schistosome eggs, and found a Th2-skewed environment with elevated levels of FOXP3, suggesting that the downregulation of Th1 response through the action of FOXP3 on STAT4 may favor carcinogenesis (31).